The enticing perspective of 'la dolce vita' keeps appealing. Many people want to study, work and live in or retire to Italy. Their country of origin and personal sitiuation puts them at an uneven playing field.
Some explanations:
Italy is part of the Shengen area/zone. People who need a visum for the Shengen zone can stay for three months (90 days) after which they need to leave for 90 days before being allowed to re-enter on the same conditions. Special visa are granted for a longer stay; these are specific for Italy (not for the other Shengen countries). A student visum will typically be issued for a year and can be renewed while the visum holder continues his studies. A retirement visum is also valid for a year and is evaluated upon renewal if the holder is still entitled to reside in Italy. After five years, you may obtain a permanent residency visum, after which no more checks are done.
Citizens from shengen countries have an easy time, they only need to register at the town council of the town or city where they are going to reside. Administrative obligations are the same as for visum holders.
Both categories may choose to be naturalized to Italian citizen. You may opt for Italian citizenship five years after obtaining the permanent visum. EU citizens can apply for Italian citizenship after residing for only four years in Italy. Italy recognizes the double nationality, hence the process does not make you lose the nationality you had before.
The procedure is shortened if you are married to an Italian citizen. In this case you can apply after only one year. Italy has a history of emigration and there are Italians and persons of Italian descent living all over Europe and the Americas. If certain conditions are met, descendants of Italian emigrants can obtain Italian citizenship. Italian citizens can of course always choose to reside in Italy, no questions asked. They are also granted visum free access to all countries of the Shengen zone.
Persons who want to obtain Italian citizenship after being a permanent resident, EU citizen or beng the spouse of an Italian citizen, will need to pass a language test. Unlike for Spain or Portugal, the citizenship test for Italy requires a B1 level language proficiency. Hence you can find many Youtube videos testing that specific proficiency level... and here we go:
Language tests
Test B1 Italiano Cittadinanza - cidadania(pt) - B1 italian Test citizenship
and though most tests are presented in English, this is not necessarily the language of the persons applying for Italian citizenship. The tests are generally multiple choice and formulations are in easily accessible Italian. (channel Italiando corso di italiano per stranieri)
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